Showing posts with label Crofford. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Crofford. Show all posts

Monday, December 27, 2021

Ghost Dances

There is a story in my great-grandmother's history that begs to be told. Her extraordinary pioneer life intersects with some momentous events in the history of the western frontier, particularly in North and South Dakota and Wyoming. She lived at the time of Custer's Last Stand and the massacre at Wounded Knee, and was closely associated with some of the important people involved. 

Ada Clemina Hall was born on July 18, 1856 in Chittenango, NY. Both her father Andrew Adam Hall and her mother Miriam Olivia Wandell Hall were born in the Westchester County in NY. They married in 1850. Andrew Hall's family can be traced back to the original colony of Connecticut. Miriam's family is mostly of Dutch heritage. Her grandfather, Jacob Wandell was a wealthy merchant on the Hudson River during the time of the Revolutionary War. 

Shortly after Ada's birth, Andrew took his family and moved west, to Ontonagon, Michigan. There, he worked in the copper mines. In 1861, a famously charismatic Army recruiter came to Detroit, and induced Andrew to sign up for the military. He served as a surgical assistant in the 1st Michigan Volunteer Infantry and participated in the Peninsular Campaign in Virginia. He did laundry for other soldiers for 10 cents, and sent the money home to his struggling family.  He was with General McClellan during the Seven Days Battle in Richmond, Virginia, during which he contracted dysentery. He spent six months in a hospital on David's Island in New York before returning to his wife and children in 1863; he was a mere skeleton of less than 100 pounds. Ada described what it was like to be so poor. She said their clothing had worn so thin that it was nearly transparent. 

The family moved to Marquette, Michigan, where Andrew worked in the mines. Then they moved to Brainerd, Michigan, where Andrew became a bridge builder. He helped to build the bridge for the Northern Pacific Railroad across the Red River to Fargo, North Dakota, opening up new land on the frontier. He also helped to build one of the first frame houses in Fargo. Most of the residents lived in rough cabins or tents, however, and that is how the Hall family lived during the Grasshopper Plague. Ada describes the scene:

Grasshoppers came that first year, 1871. They darkened the sky which when looked up at, shone like silver with their flashing wings. They ate the sides out of our tents, the linen coat off my father's back while he was mowing... 
by Mrs. H. C. Crofford, "Pioneer Days in North Dakota, " in North Dakota Historical Quarterly, II, 129-137.

Ada taught school in Fargo, and later at Fort Lincoln where the Halls lived for a year in 1876. She became friends with General Custer's wife. Family lore is that Ada let her students out of school to wave to the soldiers as they left for Little Big Horn. I can't help but think that Ada and Elizabeth Custer shared a love of writing and history, as both of them wrote memoirs of their experiences and published papers in defense of Custer. Ada's paper in defense of Custer is housed in a museum in Newcastle, Wyoming. You can read it HERE.

Around 1877, Andrew and his family, with an Army escort, traveled by wagon train to settle in the Black Hills. Travelers were warned not to go ahead or lag behind the procession as it was dangerous Indian territory. One young couple ignored the warnings and went on ahead. The travelers came upon them and found them slaughtered.

The Hall family settled on a ranch near Fort Meade (now Sturgis) in South Dakota, which was established in 1878 to protect illegal white settlements and gold mines on the Sioux Reservation in the northern Black Hills (Wikipedia, Fort Meade, South Dakota). The local men would gather at "Old Man Hall's" house to discuss the recent Indian uprisings. They were particularly concerned about the Ghost Dances which were part of a religious movement among the Native Americans who believed that the spirits of the dead would return and protect them against the white man. The spread of this cult culminated in the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 (Britannica, Ghost Dance). At one of these gatherings at the Hall ranch, a young gold miner named Horace Calvin Crofford attended and met Ada Hall. They married in 1891. 

Ada's brother Ed married a Native American woman named Mary Amiotte (pictured below) in 1897 and lived with her and their children on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in Sterling, South Dakota - the location of the Wounded Knee massacre. 



Disclaimer: I am not a historian, so forgive me if any historical facts are off. Much of my information comes from Ada's writings and family lore, which have proven to have a few "close but not quite" details. I will add more to this post as I continue my research. 

 

 

 


Tuesday, July 24, 2018

Results: 21% DNA - Ireland/Scotland/Wales

My DNA reveals that I have 21% Irish/Scottish/Welsh ancestry. I have ruled out any significant amount of Irish blood in my family, which is too bad considering that my son is traveling to Ireland next Spring... I was hoping to find some places of origin for him to explore. The Scotland and Wales connections are easier to identify.

Scotland
The Croffords are most certainly from Scotland. The original Horace Crawford (Crawfurd, Craufurd) came from Scotland to New York and settled in the Genessee Valley. He was a millwright. Horace is my 3X great grandfather. My primary source is a document written by my great grandmother Ada Crofford. Granted, she sometimes has errors in her family histories, but Horace would have been a close relative - her father-in-law - so the likelihood of error in information about him is less. The Crofford DNA is probably enough to account for most of the 21% Scottish blood in me.

Clan Map of Scotland (Crawford)
The Crawford clan originates in the Southern part of Scotland
Crawford Castle
Crawford Castle was in existence in 1175
Wales
John Dillingham, my 3rd great grandfather whose daughter Anna married Calvin Crawford, is said to have come to America from Wales. This particular piece of family lore is in question, but is mentioned in several fairly reliable sources.

Then there is my 14th great grandfather, Sir Ieuan Deulwyn Bushe. born in 1427 at Rodes Court in Carmarthenshire, Wales. He was a famous poet whose work (50 poems) has survived to the present day. Whitfield Barrie Abbott is descended from the Bushe line through the Sabin family.



Friday, January 5, 2018

Mayflower

Here is the line of descendancy from our Mayflower ancestors, John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley:

1. John Howland m. Elizabeth Tilley (1624, Plymouth)
2. Hannah Howland m. Jonathan Bosworth (1661)
3. Ichabod Bosworth m. Mary ________ (after 1710)
4. Benjamin Bosworth m. Anne Collins 
5. Benajah Bosworth m. _____________.
6. Joseph Bosworth m. Lucinda Hopkins
7. Orlando Marcus Bosworth m. Eliza Ann Applegate
8. Eva L Bosworth m. Augustus D. Allen (1883)
9. Ethelyn (Teresa) Allen m. Horace C. Crofford (1926)
10. Virginia Crofford m. John Zaun (1950)
11. Teresa Zaun m. Michael Austin (1976)

I would like to give a brief summary of each of these lives and follow their migration through the generations across our country. 

John Howland was born in Fenstanton, Huntingdonshire, England to Henry and Margaret (____) Howland. Elizabeth Tilley was born to John and Joan (Hurst) Tilley and baptized in 1607 at Henlow, Bedfordshore, England. Elizabeth sailed to Plymouth on the Mayflower with her parents when she was only 12 years old. Gov. Bradford wrote an account of the voyage, telling about John being thrown into the sea during a storm. John managed to hold onto a line and was pulled back on board with a boat hook. John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley married on March 25, 1624 at Plymouth. Their children were: John, Jabez, Isaac, Desiree, Hope, Elizabeth, Lydia, Hannah, and Ruth. John died at Plymouth in 1672/3. Elizabeth died at Swansea in 1687 at 79 years old.

Hannah Howland, born in Plymouth, married Jonathan Bosworth in 1661. They had 8 children: Mercy, Hannah, Elizabeth, Jonathan (died at age 10), David, John, Jabez, Ichabod, and Jonathan.

Ichabod Bosworth was born in March 18, 1676 at Swansea. He first married Sarah Stacey and had six children, the first three children dying in infancy. After Sarah died in 1710, apparently in childbirth, Ichabod married Mary ______ and had four more children: Sarah, Jonathan, Benjamin, and Joseph. Ichabod was a blacksmith in Rehoboth for a time, near the border of Bellingham, Mass and Cumberland, R.I.*

Benjamin Bosworth (Bozworth) was born in either Mendon or Bellingham ca. 1716.  He married Anne Collins at Providence, R.I. on October 23, 1743. Benjamin owned land in Scituate, R.I. He died on November 16, 1790. His son, Benajah, was his eldest and administrator of his estate.

Benajah Bosworth was born ca. 1744. He enlisted in the army in 1775 and joined Crary's troop from Rhode Island. His wife is unknown (perhaps Bucklin), but the 1800 census shows a wife, 5 sons, and 6 daughters.

Joseph Bucklin Bosworth was born in Providence, R.I. in 1790, the 3rd or 4th son of Benajah. He is by far the most interesting character in this family line! He served as a musician in the War of 1812. He migrated to Ohio and became a highly respected minister in the Mormon church, directly under Joseph Smith (see Joseph Smith's diaries). He married Lucinda Hopkins on May 17, 1815; they had eleven children: William, Elvira, Albert, Miles, Giles, Carlos, Orlando Marcus, Omer, Benejah, Malon, and Joseph Bucklin, Jr. Joseph and Lucinda lived most of their lives in Copley, Ohio. Joseph died in 1850 of cholera while visiting his son Miles in Peoria, Illinois.

Orlando Marcus Bosworth was born April 19, 1825 in Summit, Ohio. He joined the military and fought in the Mexican War. He married Eliza Ann Applegate on February 3, 1853 in Schuyler, Illinois. They had three children: James (died at infancy), Richard, and Eva. Orlando and Eliza resided in Littleton, Illinois. Orlando died on November 6, 1884.

Eva L. Bosworth (middle name Louise according to family lore) was born in June 1867 in Littleton, Illinois. Her story is perhaps the saddest. She married Augustus D. Allen of nearby Hancock County, Illinois on November 25, 1883 at age 16 (Augustus was 24). They moved across the river to Keokuk, Iowa, then to Wichita, Kansas in 1900. Their only child, Ethelyn was born in July 1893. Eva died in a mental institution at Old Fort Supply in Woodward, Oklahoma in 1911.

Ethelyn Allen (named later changed to Teresa Marie) was born in July 1893, location unknown. Family lore places her birth in Chicago, but that is unlikely. According to the timeline, she could have been born in Hancock County or Schuyler County, Illinois, or possibly in Keokuk, Iowa. Ethelyn lived with her parents in Wichita until around 1903. Sometime after that she was sent to an orphanage or boarding school in Paris, Texas. Her mother was living alone in Wichita in 1904; her father remarried in 1905. There is no further documentation of "Ethelyn" after 1903. The first mention of "Teresa" is in 1916 in Sherman, Texas, where she worked as a student nurse. She graduated from nursing school in 1919 at which time she attempted unsuccessfully to locate her father. She worked as a nurse in Oklahoma City according to the census in 1920. She moved to Chicago, Illinois, where she married Horace Calvin Crofford in 1926. They resided in Waukegan, Illinois where Teresa worked as a private secretary/assistant to an Ear, Nose, and Throat doctor. There they had two children, Horace Calvin, Jr. and Virginia Maude. The family moved to Virginia in search of employment in the early 1940's. Teresa died in 1966 of breast cancer. She never knew anything about her family history or what became of her parents. She never even knew her birthday or birth year.

Virginia Maude Crofford was born on March 3, 1932 in Waukegan, Illinois. She attended school there until 5th grade when her family moved to Norfolk, Virginia. She married John Beverly Zaun in 1952; they had two children, Teresa Jacqueline and Holly Diana.

From England to Plymouth to Ohio to Illinois and Iowa, to Kansas, then Oklahoma and Texas; back to Illinois and then to Virginia... almost full circle.

*Mayflower Families Through Five Generations, v. 23, pt. 1

Monday, August 7, 2017

19th Century Immigrants to America

Most of my ancestors were among the earliest settlers in America, in either New England or Virginia. There are just a few who came to America the most recently. Not much is currently known about their roots in the homeland:

Germany: John Adam Zaun and Elizabeth Louise Wellner, 2X great grandparents
John Adam Zaun was born in Germany in 1837 in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. He migrated to America in 1867 (1900 U.S. Census). On Oct. 25, 1868, he married Elizabeth Louise Wellner, a fellow passenger on the ship from Germany, and they made their home in Dumbarton, Virginia. They had four children, Louisa, b. 1876, Adam, b. 1879, Charles, b. 1886, and Henry, b. 1888.

England: John C. Abbott - 3X great grandfather
Born in England in 1815, John came to America and had a piano-making business in New York City. He married Sarah Godfrey Whitfield, from an old family in New York. He settled in Fort Lee, New Jersey, later opening a hotel/boarding house in Hackensack, where many of his employees lived. He hired workers, including his family members, from New York, Germany, Ireland, and South America to build action parts for pianos in his factory on Lemoine Ave. John and Sarah had three children, Clark Webster Abbott, b. 1842, Whitfield Barrie Abbott b. 1844, and James b. 1868.

Johannes Wandell

Scotland: Horace Crawford - 3X great grandfather
Born in Scotland around 1780, Horace came to America and settled in the Genessee Valley in New York. He married Lois Hopkins, and they had a son, Calvin, who was born in 1806. Horace was a well-known millwright.




Monday, November 28, 2016

Genealogy Resources: Death Certificates

Ancestry.com occasionally adds a whole new database to their vast collection of sources. When this happens it is like Christmas for a genealogy hound!  About a year ago, the entire collection of Virginia death certificates was added. I attached as many as I could find to my family tree.

Death certificates list the official cause of death and contributing factors. They also name the parents and birthplaces (though sometimes the informant gets this information wrong). Though it might seem morbid, I scrutinized every one of these certificates looking for individuals' "stories," and I was certainly not disappointed. I found out how my Uncle Jimmy supposedly killed himself ... he shot himself in the abdomen with a shotgun. What on earth!? That just doesn't make sense to me. How does one even accomplish something like that? Pull the trigger with your big toe? My imagination was busy coming up with alternate theories; for instance, I know from firsthand experience that his 2nd wife, Margaret, was crazy. I wouldn't be surprised if she shot him.

Today, I discovered that all the death certificates for that state of Missouri from 1910-1965 have been released. My great grandfather's certificate was in that database. According to his death certificate, the cause of death was "shock due to prostectomy." So sad! Such a terrible way for a strong, healthy, handsome 69-year old man to go.

Note how much personal information can be obtained from a document like this. It is a real treasure!


Monday, October 17, 2016

Detective work: recent discoveries

My family tree is pretty solidly developed through my 2 X great grandparents on every branch, which is amazing! But on a couple of lines, I have hit a wall. I  started taking genealogy classes at the public library hoping to break through some of those walls. My new-found skills have actually turned up some enlightening nuggets of information.

While in class last week, I was browsing and half-listening while the instructor modeled a research example using census documents. The instructor explained an unusual feature of the 1930 census where the "age at first marriage" was given. I was in the back of the class, browsing my own family in the census when I came across an item for my great grandmother Ida Rene Bryant... in the 1930 Census, her "age at first marriage" was 16! I had only just recently discovered the shocking fact that she had been married at 19 to Lewellen Eley. Now I find that she had another marriage before that! That makes a possible fifth marriage for her. Her descendants only knew about two marriages.

Ida Rene Bryant's marriages
age 16 - ?? ??
age 19 - Lewellen Eley (divorced or annulled)
age ?? - ?? Williams (widowed)
age 26 - William Butler (widowed)
age 37 - George Abbott (my great grandfather)

Other dead ends that are driving me crazy:

Robert Scott Allen
Another brick wall is in the Allen line, my mother's maternal side. I have not been able to get past my 2 X great grandfather Robert Scott Allen. I believe his parents are John Allen and Rebecca Scott, but can't prove it with unimpeachable sources. I did find new information about Rebecca Scott, though, in her father's will.  Her parents are not who I thought they were. It was a case where two pairs of siblings married the same family. Her father and mother died when she was young and there is not much documentation about them.

John Dillingham and Calvin V. Crofford
The problem of John Dillingham's parentage is the subject of debate and speculation among his descendants on both sides of the ocean. My family lore says he was born in Wales and came to Indiana from Connecticut. Some say he was born in Providence, RI. His daughter Anna married Calvin Crofford (Crawford), but the Crawfords are a dead end as well.

George James Powell
My Nannie's grandfather. I believe he died after the war in 1865. I cannot find any documentation of his parents, though there are many connections with other Powells having the same unusual names, such as "Littleton" and "Bell". The Powells have a long history in Henrico and Accomack Counties.

These aren't the only brick walls in my research, but are the ones I am most anxious to resolve.

Tuesday, December 29, 2015

Timeline: Ethelyn Allen AKA Teresa Marie Allen

I like to look at information from different angles.  Usually it helps me to see patterns, discrepancies, etc.  I decided to make a timeline of my maternal grandmother's life based on the facts that I have verified, assuming that Ethelyn Allen and Teresa Marie are the same person.

Teresa Marie Allen, 1893 - 1966

Year - Place - Event
1893 - Illinois - birth - July; Augustus D. and Eva L. Allen (m. 17 years @ 1900 census)
1893 - Keokuk, Iowa - A. D. Allen ran a mercantile business for 7 years.
1900 - Wichita, Kansas - Augustus (41) , Eva (32) , Ethelyn (7), Eliza A. Bosworth (74)
1903 - Wichita, Kansas - Mar 22 newspaper article, A.D. Allen birthday - Ethelyn (10)
1904 - Wichita, Kansas - Eva L. Allen, widow, 125 Fannie St. (city directory)
1905 - Wichita, Kansas - A. D. Allen m. Emma Schindler - no mention of Eva or Ethelyn
1905 - Wichita, Kansas - A. D. Allen, 45, from Iowa; Mrs. Allen, 30 (Kansas Census)
1910 - Woodward, Ok - Eva L. Allen, widow, patient, Old Fort Supply asylum
1910 - Mother Theresa Muldoon died, buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Paris, TX
1910 - Texas - newspaper article about A. D. Allen's trip to South Texas
1911 - Woodward, Ok - Eva L. Allen died (her gravestone was discovered in 1995)
1912 - Sisters of Mercy move to Chicago
1915 - Fort Worth, Texas - last known sighting of A. D. Allen, heading to Canton, Ok.
1916 - Sherman, Texas - Teresa, nurse, resident St. Vincent Sanitarium (with Maude)
1916 - Major fire in Paris, TX, burning half the city
1917 - Paris, Texas - Teresa, nurse, resident at Paris Sanitarium (with Maude)
1917 - A. D. Allen died in Osawatomie State Hospital, Miami County, KS
1919 - Paris, Texas - Teresa, grad, Paris Sanitarium Sch of Nursing (with Maude)
1919 - Paris, Texas - Teresa, resident, 125 Pine Bluff (with Maude)
1919 - Wichita, Kansas - newspaper personal ad in search of A. D. Allen
1920 - Wichita, Kansas - Emma Allen, housemaid, widow of A. D. Allen (US Census)
1920 - Oklahoma City - Teresa, nurse, boarder, Eleventh Street (with Maude)
1926 - Chicago, Ill. - married Horace C. Crofford on January 30
1927 - Waukegan, Ill - residence, 640 Mill Court (near Ada Crofford & family)
1929 - Waukegan, Ill - residence, 2000 Washington St.
1929 - Waukegan, Ill - birth of Horace, Jr. on Nov. 9
1930 - Waukegan, Ill - Horace 35, Teresa 35, son 4 mo., 2 lodgers;  occupation:  none
1932 - Waukegan, Ill - birth of Virginia Maude, Mar. 3, St. Therese Hospital
1940 - Waukegan, Ill - residence, Washington St.; Sonny, 10; Virginia, 8
1940 - Waukegan, Ill - occupation: retail store manager (Horace - warehouse mgr)
1948 - Norfolk, Va. - 3709 Llewelyn Ave (Virginia Registered Nurse Roster)
1951 - Norfolk, Va. - 535 W. 37th St. (Horace, electrician, NOB) - city directory
1954 - Norfolk, Va. - 535 W. 37th St. ("Marie") - city directory
1958 - Norfolk, Va. - 535 W. 37th St. (Tersa A.) - city directory
1960 - Norfolk, Va. - 535 W. 37th st. (Teresa A.) - city directory
1966 - Norfolk, Va. - death, Dec. 10, age 74 (actual age 73)
1966 - Virginia Beach, Va. - burial, Rosewood Memorial Park, Garden of the Good Shepherd

Interesting notes:

  1. The last record of Ethelyn is in 1903; the first record of "Teresa" is in 1916.
  2. Ethelyn/Teresa remembered a visit from her father while she was in an orphanage/boarding school in Texas - see A. D. Allen's documented 1910 trip to Texas.
  3. Ethelyn/Teresa was placed in the orphanage/boarding school sometime between 1904 and 1910 (probably before 1905 as she is not listed in A. D. Allen's household in the 1905 Kansas State Census).
  4. Sister Teresa Muldoon opened a boarding school in Paris, Texas in 1900.  In 1910, the school was converted to a hospital.  This coincides with A. D. Allen's trip to Texas. Ethelyn/Teresa would have been 17 years old. 
  5. Ethelyn/Teresa never mentioned her father's lifelong passion for horses; nor did she ever know her true birthday and year which is odd since she was at least 10 years old at the time of her last known appearance with family.  As an adult, she celebrated her birthday on August 22.
  6. Her best friend Maude moved to Oakland, California and lived there with a "partner," Leila Smith (1930, 1940 Census). Her occupation was given as "radiograph" (X-ray) technician in a funeral home, and a "tray" (X-ray?) technician in an office laboratory.  Maude died in 1965, one year before Teresa.
  7. In 1912, the Sisters of Mercy moved back to Chicago (Mercy Hospital). This could be the impetus for Teresa Allen's move to Chicago after 1920.  Sister Theresa Muldoon died and was buried in Paris, Texas' Evergreen Cemetery.
  8. Notes according to daughter Virginia: Teresa met Horace at a party in Chicago. Horace was involved in politics. Teresa worked for an ear-nose-throat doctor in Waukegan. Virginia remembers her mother saying that she changed her name.
  9. Virginia remembers that they lived in several different houses in Virginia between 1940 and 1948:  
    1. Portsmouth - lived temporarily with Ed & Agnes Suter
    2. Schafer St (Oak Ridge, Norfolk Co.)  - 3rd - 7th Gr., Coleman Place Elementary
    3. 10th St., Norfolk, Va.
    4. Omuhundra Ave., Norfolk, Va.
    5. New York Ave., Norfolk, Va.
    6. Llewellyn Ave. (big Victorian house on the corner)



Sunday, September 27, 2015

Flesh and blood

As I record the facts and details of my ancestors' lives, I can't help but think about how these long-gone individuals were loved and remembered in their lifetimes by their children and grandchildren.  They were real, living, breathing, thinking, feeling people who passed their DNA - and their character - to me through succeeding generations.

I had the great fortune to know my father's grandparents and to be close to a large extended family of aunts, uncles, and cousins.  My father's family were/are born storytellers... family gatherings tend to be filled with laughter as we repeat stories of our most eccentric or wayward family members.  As a child, I loved them all and thought of all of these characters quite fondly.  It wasn't until I was older that I was aware of the darker side of some of these stories.

I would like to leave a sense of certain ones for posterity, in no particular order...

Jacqueline Delmar Abbott Zaun (paternal grandmother)
My Mamaw....  She clung to family, her lifeline.  She loved her Richmond family and stayed close to them to the end, even though she lived all her adult life in Virginia Beach near her children and grandchildren.  She was lots of fun to be around, and had no trouble relating to her grandchildren and their friends.  She was close to her great-grandchildren as well.  She was the classic redhead, a little spitfire, spunky, sassy, and a flirt with men of all ages... but she was always classy. She kept up her appearance faithfully.  She got up early every single morning, made her bed, dressed up, donned her stockings and jewelry, and was ready for whatever the day would bring.  She had a simple life, with few material possessions, but elegant taste in decor and furnishings.  She read voraciously, and that was the way that she became educated - her formal education only went through the 9th grade.  After her husband Ernie died tragically at the age of 47, she went to work at the lingerie counter at Ames & Brownley Department store.  She had some troubles with suitors in pursuit of her husband's insurance money.  My father had to throw one fellow out of the house by the scruff of his neck.  She eventually became an alcoholic and caused a lot of trouble for her adult children.  At her lowest point, she decided to turn that around.  She gave up drinking, and never went back to it. But she never got over Ernie's death.  They had adored each other, and she never remarried.  She lived with her daughter in a converted attic apartment for a time, and then moved to The Mayflower apartments at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. She was a library assistant, a fixture at the front desk of the 22nd Street Library for 19 years. She was an avid game player, especially Bingo and Scrabble.  I visited her at least weekly to play Scrabble or take a stroll on the Boardwalk. We have many stories about her - like the time she pulled up her shirt at the Thanksgiving dinner table, her ruthless Scrabble playing (I don't have much - I'll just play this "itty bitty" word - and it would be like 77 points), and the "damn dishes" (She was a shameless Indian-giver).  She adored her son Bev - he could do no wrong - but was more demanding and critical of her daughter, Gail. When Bev died, she followed six months later....died in her sleep at age 87, looking beautiful and peaceful after a lifetime of drinking, smoking, and general naughtiness.  Sure she was flawed, but there are many ways I want to be like her.

Ernie and Jack Zaun off to a New Year's Party
Horace Calvin Crofford (maternal grandfather)
Baba (pronounced buh-bah)... he was a big man, but there could be no gentler soul.  He deeply loved his family and was devoted to his wife, Teresa.  They were never financially affluent, but their needs were few.  I remember walking hand in hand with him around the block at their 35th Street home in Norfolk, ending up at the corner drugstore to get a nickel ice cream cone. He always had Lifesavers for me in church. He loved to talk about his younger days in the Black Hills of Wyoming.  He tapped his feet as he sang songs of The Old West, and played his mouth harp or harmonica.  He loved maps - he had a drawer full of fold-up maps which he would pull out and talk about the places in the stories he told.  He loved rocks and fossils - he told about Barnum Brown, the famous paleontologist who discovered T-Rex bones on or near his father's ranch.  He especially loved to talk about horses (as I wrote about in a previous post).  He once brought me a rusty bridle bit that he found on one of his trips to see his Wyoming family.  (My dad sanded and spray painted it silver and I still treasure it). I remember him having a jar of "hoarhound" candy on the sideboard which I thought was the most disgusting flavor on earth. After Teresa died, he moved in with our family for a time, sleeping on a fold out bed in our family room. He moved to a dingy apartment in Ingleside where he lived only a brief time before he died in his sleep of a heart attack.
Baba and Me
Herman Lukhard (paternal great-uncle)
Uncle Herman was not related to me by blood, but he was a powerful and influential man, truly a figurehead in every sense of the word. He has been gone for years, but his influence in the family remains. He was a Character with a capital C! I especially see glimpses of him in my cousin David now and then. I wrote about him in a previous post, but will include some personal memories of him here.  I remember him as a highly energetic, driven man, with a quick wit and ability to see humor in most any situation.  We'd do almost anything to make him laugh, but we feared his ire. He was controlling and impatient. If things didn't go the way he thought they should, everyone was sorry. We'd say we're sorry, and he would agree, "yes, you're the sorriest thing I ever saw!"  One time, when I was sixteen, my cousins and I wanted to go to 7-11 (by miles of narrow, winding country road) in a car that he bought for his daughter Teeny.  We trudged across the wide field up to the main house to ask Uncle Herman's permission for me to drive the car.  He made us go all the way back to get my driver's license and show it to him. Once, Robin and I rode with him ahead of everyone else to the "rivah" house. She and I were shooting pool in the sunroom and listening to my new Ray Stevens album (Everything is Beautiful), while he was busy in the kitchen, running in and out of the house getting stuff from the car.  Robin and I heard what sounded like a waterfall. Curious, we went to the kitchen and found it flooded, with an waterfall gushing down the stairs into the garage.  Uncle Herman had put a mess of green beans in the sink, turned the water on to rinse them, and forgot about it. When he saw the flood, it was not a pretty scene.  We helped him clean it up without talking much. A short time later, we heard the sound again.  We ran to the kitchen and it was flooded again! This time, he had put frozen chicken in the sink to thaw. The water was still running and flowed down the steps into the garage.  This time, we were frantic to clean it up before he came back in, but it wasn't easy as we were doubled over with laughter. We told Aunt Miriam about it later, but he was not amused. Robin knew, but I didn't know, that Herman had a problem with alcohol and things like that happened with him.  There were those moments, but he was a beloved Adult Class Sunday School teacher for many years.  I remember visiting his class at the church in Richmond when I was in college, and I thought he was such a commanding presence in front of that large class. People were in awe of him and entertained by his humor. In the midst of a heated discussion, I raised my hand timidly- he ordered everyone else to be quiet and "let the youth speak!" Most of all Uncle Herman loved the land, owning homes and property all over the state.  He loved boats - at the "rivah" house, he had a yacht, a pontoon boat, and several row boats. Boat rides out on the Potomac and the Rappahannock are some of my fondest memories from childhood. Uncle Herman had a running battle with his horse, a huge pinto Tennessee Walker named Champ. Champ was as controlling and stubborn as his owner and they just rubbed each other the wrong way. Uncle Herman never went into the barn without a broom to fend off attacks and we could hear him yelling from a distance. Things were NEVER dull around Uncle Herman, that's for sure.
Teeny, Herman, and Miriam on a visit to Va. Beach
George Wright Abbott (paternal great-grandfather)
Gramp... he died when I was only five, but I do have an impression of a man who was unconditionally loving and maybe a little frumpy (?).  He was adored by his three daughters, and they were devastated when he died.  I think my dad would have been a lot like him if he had lived longer.
Ar Newport Avenue in Norfolk for Gail's wedding
Teresa Allen Crofford (maternal grandmother)
Nanno... she died of breast cancer when I was only 12.  I remember her as an endlessly patient grandmother, playing dominoes with me on a card table in her living room, and even playing "pretend" with a set of plastic horses and cowboys.  She always had a fresh-baked lemon pound cake on a small table at the entrance to her kitchen. She also always had a jar of lemon drop candy. She would make the most amazing cinnamon and butter toast for breakfast. Her home and her clothes had a distinct smell, which lingers clearly in my memory to this day.  I would spend the night with her, along with my cousin Ronney, or my sister and cousin Cindy would spend the night with her. For safety, because of the steep wooden stairs, she would lock our bedroom door from the outside at night, but she would leave two jars on the windowsill, one for drinking and one for peeing. We always feared we would mix them up. I spent a lot of time in church with her, at Tidewater Central Church of the Nazarene.  She was a respected Bible teacher and compassionate "do-gooder." During church services, she would get caught up in the spirit and cry out, waving her hands in the air and sometimes running up the aisle. That was just normal to me. I remember her cleaning up my plate after a steak dinner, eating all the fat that I cut off my meat.  I remember her saving aluminum foil to use again, and saving bread bags. She wasted nothing.  The Depression did that to people.

Anniversary party at 37th Street in Norfolk.
The doorjamb visible behind her in the picture is the one
where our height was marked every year.
 Helen Shelton (paternal great aunt)
"Aunt" Helen... she was my father's aunt, but the relationship has proven to be complicated from what I have learned in my research.  She stayed with my dad's family in their tiny apartment in Norfolk as a teenager due to an unhappy home life (i.e. stepmother), sharing a bed with my dad who was still a young child. She and my dad remained very close. After Helen married, she lived in Richmond with her beloved "Dickie" but visited us often.  She was beautiful inside and out. She resembled Elizabeth Taylor in looks, exuding sweetness, humility, and love.  I remember her with much affection.  It was quite a shock to find out that her father Earl was born 3 years before his (supposed) father married his mother. As I said, it's complicated.

I am sitting on Aunt Helen's lap at the house on Witchduck Road
with Mamaw and my dad.
John Adam Zaun (paternal great grandfather)
Poppoo.... my oldest son is his namesake.  We made the pilgrimage to Richmond a couple of times a year to visit my great grandparents in their tiny house on Penick Road (see previous post "Our Women"). He died when I was 15, so I did not have a deep relationship with him, but I remember him fondly.  He was always sitting in his big easy chair puffing on his pipe, his gnarled fingers caressing the wooden lid of his tobacco jar.  I loved the smell, and I absolutely cherish the possession of his tobacco jar with the worn-smooth lid and the smaller jar for his matches.  It still smells of his tobacco.

In the yard at Penick Road.

Ernest Earl Zaun (paternal grandfather)
Pampaw.  This man is remembered as a wonderful man by everyone who knew him.  He died of complications from a botched gall bladder surgery at age 47 - I was only 4 1/2.  But I have distinct memories of him.  I recall sitting in his lap in the big green recliner in the den of his Witchduck Road house.  He would put a bandage on one finger of each hand and do the "Fly Away Jack, Fly Away Jill" trick that would have me completely mystified.  I remember walking around the yard holding his hand as he explained about every plant and tree in the yard.  He was one who told me that crabapples were not actually good to eat.  I can almost hear his words in my head.  I recall clearly the brand of peanut butter I had at their house when I was little, and I remember the flavor of their toothpaste. The sheets that are on my bed right now remind me of the pattern of his pajamas - it's the reason I bought them. Strong associations! I remember him telling me a story about tying a string to his big toe while he slept so that he could rock my father's cradle without getting up.  He was a football coach and Boy Scout leader to countless boys - now old men who still talk about him reverently. He was a bookkeeper at Dalton and Bundy Lumberyard in Norfolk.  I still have his leather covered measuring tape.  I have never heard a negative word spoken about him.

Mom sitting in Pampaw's recliner in the den at Witchduck Road.
Georgia Powell Zaun  (paternal great grandmother)
Nannie... I have already written quite a bit about her so I will be brief here.  She is the one who got me started on my family tree.  From her bed, she told me everything about her family that she could remember and I wrote it all down.  I was barely in my teens!  So happy I did that.  She was a quiet, but loving person.  I know her best through the letters she wrote to me and to my dad when he was little.

This is probably not a finished post.... check back later! And to repeat myself, I covet your comments on any of these posts.  If you have a story to add to what I have written, please share it in the comments below!

Tuesday, July 21, 2015

Ancestry DNA



For my birthday this year, I asked my mother for a subscription to newspapers.com and a DNA test.  Am I a nerd or what?!  I filled a test tube with my saliva this morning and prepared it for shipment.  I cannot wait to see what it reveals about our family.

The newspapers.com subscription proved its worth in the first day.  I found a dozen articles about my enigmatic great grandfather, Augustus Allen.  Those articles helped me to flesh out his life story.  The most heart wrenching discovery was this personal ad in the Wichita Daily Eagle the week of May 5, 1919:

TO ANYONE knowing anything of A. D. Allen, formerly a real estate dealer, would appreciate all information.  Teresa Allen, 125 Pine Bluff, Paris, Texas.  

Teresa died not knowing what ever became of either of her parents.  I am hoping the DNA test will finally find them.

Oh, by the way, I also applied to be on the Genealogy Roadshow!  I received a letter confirming that my application is being considered.  I sent them the story of Teresa Allen.

Thursday, May 28, 2015

Braveheart

According to Crofford family lore we are descended from the mother of Sir William Wallace, Braveheart. We may be related to Margaret Crawford Wallace somewhere in the very distant Scottish past, but I do not believe we are directly descended from her.  From what I have found online in just a brief search today, it appears that Margaret's brother Reginald was the ancestor of the Crawfords that settled in Virginia.  Our ancestor settled in New York.

Just for kicks, I am including the information I found on Margaret Wallace:
http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Crawford-517:
Margaret Wallace formerly Crawford aka BarclayBorn
about 1255 in ScotlandDaughter of Hugh (De Crawford) Crawford and [mother unknown]
Sister of Reginald CrawfordWife of Malcolm A. Wallace
married about 1272 (to 1291) in Parish of KilmaursWife of Walter Barclay
married about 1292 [location unknown]Mother of John Wallace, Malcolm Wallace 2nd, Unknown (Wallace) Bailie and William Wallace
William Wallace's father's name was either Malcolm or Alan, depending on the source.

From http://www.electricscotland.com/history/nation/William%20Wallace.pdf :
On his maternal side, William was the grandson of the Sheriff of Ayr, one of the very prominent landholders in Ayrshire. William’s mother was Margaret Crawford, a daughter of Hugh Crawford, head of the House of Crawford, the Third Sheriff of Ayrshire, and who was Lord of Loudoun and Crosbie.
Sir Reginald Crawford was William Wallace’s maternal uncle. William may have had a second maternal uncle whose name is not known, and who is considered by the historian George Crawfurd in his 1710 MS History of the Crawfurds as the progenitor of the Crawfurds of Baidland and subsequently of the Ardmillan cadet.  
Dunfermline Abbey and Palace, Scotland.  .Priory founded by Queen Margaret in 1070's and elevated to abbey status by David I in 1128. Favorite place for burial of Scottish royalty, including Malcolm Canmore, Queen Margaret and Robert the Bruce - a commemorative brass is found on the floor of the abbey. Adjacent royal palace was the former guesthouse of the abbey. James VI gave the palace to his wife, Anne of Denmark.
Dunfermline Abbey, burial site of Margaret Crawfurd, mother of William Wallace.
From http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/CRAWFORD/1999-02/0919894887:
"Dominicus de Crawford is said to have been the fifth great-grandfather
of Margaret de Crawford, the mother of Sir William Wallace. Her brother,
Sir Reginald de Crawford, is claimed to have been the direct ancestor of the
Crawfords who settled in Virginia from 'Crawfordonia'." Margaret de
Crawford married Sir Malcolm Wallace, they were the parents of Sir William
Wallace (1272 - 1305).


Sunday, May 17, 2015

Veterans pre-1900

This is a beginning attempt to compile a list of men in our direct line of ancestry who fought in wars prior to 1900.  This list does not include men who registered but did not serve.

Anglo-Powhatan War, 1644-1646 and the Esopus Wars
Nicholas Stillwell, 1603-1671

French and Indian War
Abraham Hall, 1709-1761 (in the army at Crown Point)

Revolutionary War
Jacob Wandell, 1747-1828
William Allen 1724-1789
Benajah Bosworth, 1744-1800 (Crary's Regiment)
Robert Allen 1704-1784

Crary's Regiment, Revolutionary War
War of 1812
Benjamin Applegate, 1774-1862
Richard Pierce Applegate, 1796-1847
Capt. Jacob Wandell, 1779-1868 (deserted)
John Dillingham, 1773-1861, & son, Henry

Civil War, 1862-1865
Calvin V. Crofford, US 1806-1880
Horace C. Crofford, US 1846-1916 (Mail runner)
Andrew Hall, US 1828-1907 (Hospitalized 6 mos, David's Island, NY)
Eley Bryant, 1829-1887 (POW Pt. Lookout, MD)
George J. Powell, CSA 1825-1866 (POW Farmville, VA)
Robert Scott Allen, CSA 1797-1864 


Friday, March 27, 2015

Andrew A. Hall

I am continually amazed at the courage and perseverance of my ancestors, particularly those who were part of the pioneer movement in our country.  My great great grandfather, Andrew Hall, was quite a character and tougher than most.  The Hall family left their home in New York and moved to Michigan.  Andrew and Olivia had two daughters, Ada and Nina, and a son, Edward.  Another son is a mystery.

Andrew A. Hall > Ada Clemina Hall > Horace C. Crofford > Virginia M. Crofford > Teresa Zaun Austin

Andrew worked in the copper mine in Ontogogan on Lake Superior. According to Ada, he was present in the mine the day they broke into a chamber and found dead men and some "queer" tools. This may be a reference to the more than a hundred "ancient mines" or artificial caverns discovered in this area.  He was also there when they pulled out the largest piece of solid copper (527 tons) ever taken from the ground (see Minestota Mine). Ontonagon is part of the Keweenawan peninsula where large deposits, "geological freaks," of copper were found.

Miners at Minesota Mine
Map
Ancient Mine Pits

Minesota Mine - productive years,1855-1862
By the time the Civil War started, copper mining was at a "low ebb."  In 1861, Andrew got caught up in the fervor of a patriotic meeting and signed up to join the Michigan Volunteer Infantry. According to Wikipedia, Colonel John C. Robinson recruited volunteers and led the Michigan Volunteer Infantry.  Robinson trained his men in Newport News, Virginia:
John Cleveland Robinson.jpg
John Cleveland Robinson
Robinson was soon sent to Detroit as an army recruiting officer, and for a short time, assisted Governor William Dennison in raising troops in Columbus, Ohio.[2] In September 1861, he was appointed as colonel of the 1st Michigan Volunteer Infantry, a regiment he helped recruit.[2][3] That autumn, he was also promoted to major of the 2nd U.S. Infantry in the regular army, concurrent with his assignment in the volunteer army.[1] Within a few months, he was commanding a brigade of volunteers at Newport News, Virginia in preparation for the Peninsula Campaign.


According to my great grandmother Ada, her father's departure left their family with little means of support and they nearly starved.  Their clothes fell apart when it rained. Andrew's $13 a month barely met their needs.  He began laundering men's shirts at 10 cents each to make extra money, and loaned money "at usurious interest" to other soldiers in order to send money home to his family.  When he became a surgical assistant, he was able to send decent money to his family.

Serving under General McClellan, Andrew took part in the Seven Days march to Richmond, carrying a very heavy case of surgical instruments.  However, he became ill and was hospitalized in New York for six months.  He came home weighing only 85 pounds and was an inch shorter than before he left.  He was too weak to work for a time.

In 1864, Andrew was repairing railroad cars in Marquette.  Ada's dates conflict with the 1870 census. According to the 1870 census, he was living in Delton, near Detroit in the southern part of Michigan, and was working as a watchman at the "furnace." By Ada's account, they lived at the Jackson Furnace in 1867 in the northern part of Michigan, and moved from there to Brainard in 1869, then to Fargo, ND.  Ada wrote that Andrew worked as a bridge builder.  He built the first frame house in Fargo as well as several other buildings in Brainard.
From Fargo: History: "Law and order followed with the arrival of new settlers on the first train of the Northern Pacific to cross the Red River on June of 1872."
Andrew became discouraged by the hard living in Michigan and was beaten by the plague of grasshoppers that destroyed their crops and their homes. In 1875, they heard that the government was going to build a fort near the Black Hills. Settlers were given permission to accompany the army to the Black Hills, so the Halls moved to Fort Lincoln for a time.  During this time, Ada taught school at Fort Lincoln and was present when Custer's men left for the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876.  According to Ada, who was also a writer and historian, the settlers traveled by wagon train in a long, tightly guarded procession to the Black Hills. Families were cautioned to stay together to be assured of safety.  One couple did not follow this advice and were found dead, scalped by Indians.

They moved around, living in Central City, SD, then Bear Butte Creek.  He received his pension and an inheritance from his father around 1880, so he bought cattle and horses.  By 1886, they had settled on a ranch near Buffalo Gap by the Cheyenne River.  They lived on this ranch for many years.  Young men would come visit and see the girls on the Hall ranch.  "Old Man Hall" was the subject of a little ditty they would sing for him.  In 1890, there was the threat of an Indian uprising because of the "Messiah Craze"*, so men gathered at the Hall ranch for mutual protection.  Horace Crofford was among these men.  Horace and Ada were married the next year.

Andrew HallAndrew and Olivia Hall later moved to Newcastle, Wyoming.  In the days before his death, he deeded his land to Ada (copy of deed can be seen in Ancestry.com).  Andrew is buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Newcastle.


*The U. S. government had seized Lakota lands.  Bison were hunted to near extinction.  Treaties with the Indians were not implemented.  An Indian prophet had a vision of Jesus returning as a Native American and restoring their lands.  The Indians began performing the Ghost Dance, in which they believed they would be protected from the white man's bullets, and that the ghosts of the ancestors would return to earth.  This was referred to by the white people as the "Messiah Craze."  The white men feared this Ghost Dance and believed an uprising was imminent.  An unfortunate series of events led to the Wounded Knee Massacre in South Dakota in 1890.





Thursday, January 22, 2015

Horses in the Black Hills

Passing Down a Love of Horses
Lame Johnny Creek was named after a scoundrel who was hanged from a tree near the creek.  The land along this creek was desirable grazing land for ranchers in the Black Hills area.  One ranch on this creek called Fleur de Lys was famed for its horses that were imported from France, including Percheron and Arabian breeds.  My grandfather's family owned horses too.  My grandfather, Horace Crofford, used to talk to me for hours about horses, and I hung on every word.  He described each breed and its characteristics, all of which I remember to this day.  From him, I learned about roans, paints, pacers, mules, Appaloosas, palominos, Percherons, Arabs, quarterhorses, and Tennessee Walkers.  I learned which horses were good for racing, plowing, carriage, or riding, and I could tell you which characteristics made them good for the job. He taught me about halters, bits, and bridles. When I went away to college and visited the riding stable there, I was drawn to a beautiful horse that I could immediately recognize as a Morgan because of Baba's description - barrel chest, strong legs and hindquarters, graceful arched neck, broad forehead, and cupped face.  My identification was confirmed by the owner.

Personal Experience
One story Baba told was about a horse on his father's ranch... during the night, the horse squeezed through the door into the stock room and gorged on oats.  The oats swelled up inside the horse and he couldn't get back out through the door.  The horse raised a ruckus, and the family came running.  They got him out of the storage room somehow, and family members had to take turns walking the horse around and around the paddock all night long so he wouldn't get a ruptured intestine and die.  A drink of water would have killed the horse quickly.

Postcards from my Grandfather
Whenever Baba went to Wyoming to visit his family, he sent postcards of horses and wrote about them on the back:













As you can see, I wore these postcards out studying them!



Sunday, January 18, 2015

The Year of the Locusts

LOC http://www.bozeman-magpie.com/thebigmt-full-article.php?article_id=696

Making History Personal
This morning I happened to see a TV documentary program (Mysteries at the Museum on the Travel Channel) about the Locust Plague of 1874.  The locusts (grasshoppers on steroids) swept through the Great Plains, moving from North to South across Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota Territory, and on to Texas, covering a swath equal to the size of all of New England.*   It took a while to register, but I realized that this must be the story I'd heard from my mother which she heard from her father.  Since my grandfather wasn't born until twenty years after the plague, the story must have been passed down by his mother who was a born storyteller. I became curious to find out what my ancestors were doing in 1874.

Our Family Moves West
First of all, how did my ancestors end up on the western frontier and where did they live? The Great Western Migration in the U.S. was brought by several factors:  the Homestead Act of 1862, the end of the Civil War in 1865, and the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869*.  My family was a part of this migration from the east.

Locusts in Lincoln, Nebraska
Horace Calvin Crofford, my great grandfather, lived in Lancaster, Nebraska with his family after the Civil War.  His father, Calvin Crofford had received land by the Homestead Act of 1862 (his application can be seen on Ancestry).  In April 1874, a census was taken in Little Salt (Lancaster County). I believe Horace, at age 27, was one of the two males listed in the household of Calvin Crofford.  In Nebraska, the locusts had a devastating effect:
One report released in 1874 suggested that just one family in 10 had enough provisions to last through the coming winter. To avoid starvation, many desperate settlers, especially in western Kansas and Nebraska, abandoned their homestead claims and their dreams of a new life to return east.... Hoping to stop future infestations before they got started, Nebraska in 1877 passed a Grasshopper Act, requiring every able-bodied man between the ages of 16 and 60 to work at least two days eliminating locusts at hatching time or face a $10 fine. 

http://www.historynet.com/1874-the-year-of-the-locust.htm#sthash.QALcWMPa.dpuf

Watch the video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=To48K5E4ULM

Locusts in Fargo, North Dakota
My great grandmother, Ada Hall, was a teenager at the time of the Locusts.  In the spring of 1871, Andrew and Olivia Hall, along with their three children, crossed over the Red River on a small flat boat ferry to settle in Fargo.  Ada tells that the "grasshoppers came that first year."  Though the impact on Fargo was not as devastating as in some other areas, the experience left a strong impression on Ada.  She wrote:
They darkened the sky, which, looked up at, shown like silver with their flashing wings. They ate the sides out of our tents, the linen coat off my father's back while he was mowing. Where the river stopped their eastward march, they piled up inches deep and crusted every little twig five or six bugs deep.  It was a regular nightmare.  We could not keep them out of our tents, our provisions, off our tables, or out of our beds.  Once, right at dinner time, a big old timer sat down in the middle of the table, beside the butter, and proceeded to crack open down the back, and to divest himself of his whole outer covering, before the boarders, who would not let him be taken away.  In that way they got a lesson in natural history with their dinner, at the price of one. Talk of nightmares!  Wow!
A mention of Fargo from a history of Canada:
It must not be supposed that all the crops were destroyed. No better wheat and potatoes can anywhere be found than were in 1875 harvested at Portage la Prairie, and along the Red River between Fargo and Pembina, and in the neighbourhood of St. Joe, at the south-west corner of the Province. All this is spring-sown, in rich well-drained soil. Efforts in the infested regions, made by settlers and their families during the few hours in which the locust rested, such as building fires, surrounding the field or garden with a ditch into which the insects fall and drown, beating with bushes, &c., have been successful in saving large parts of the crops.

Some amazing facts about the Locust Plague:
  • the locusts looked like a great, white glistening cloud, and appeared to be a big snowstorm
  • they blocked out the sun for as long as six hours
  • they ravaged the fields and trees, devouring every plant and blade of grass
  • they ate the wool off sheep, the paint off wagons, the handles off pitchforks, the harnesses off horses, curtains off the windows, and even the clothing off people's backs
  • they ate anything not hidden away in wooden or metal containers
  • they smothered fires that the farmers lit to ward them off
  • they left behind nothing but the odor of their decaying bodies and excrement
  • they fouled water supplies that were not covered or protected
  • people resorted to eating locusts, even serving them in restaurants and feeding them to their animals
  • most locusts died off before 1875, but they were a problem for farmers until after the turn of the century
*http://www.historynet.com/1874-the-year-of-the-locust.htm#sthash.QALcWMPa.dpuf
**Information obtained from Ada Crofford's personal account which can be seen on Ancestry.

Read more:
Civil War veterans in Fargo:  http://fargohistory.com/civil-war-veterans-in-fargo/
First settlers of Fargo, ND (A.A. Hall):  http://library.ndsu.edu/fargo-history/?q=content/first-settlers

Sunday, September 28, 2014

Meeting new cousins

Every now and then, you begin to notice that someone on Ancestry seems to really know what they are doing. They are the ones who read and comment on information posted by others, and who have many documented sources on their family tree. Tim Cole from Porter County, Indiana, commented on one of my Dillingham stories. We started a conversation and here is his message:

timcole: My ggg-grandfather married Sally Dillingham, John's first child by Hannah. I live half a mile away from where John last lived and is buried in front of Olcott's house (still standing). The Coles and Dillinghams bought a section of land each, next to each other, in 1835, and descendants from both families still live on portions of those properties. According to what I can piece together, we are first cousins, several times removed.

Tim urged me to contact a David Dillingham Wiltshire, who is active in researching the Dillingham family and has organized a family group of descendants. So I sent this through Facebook:

Dear David,
Tim Cole urged me to write to you about my Dillingham connection and to request to join your family group. Anna Dillingham of Porter County, Indiana was my 2nd great grandmother. She married Calvin V. Crofford in 1839 (her second marriage). Their son Horace Calvin Crofford m. Ada C. Hall; their son Horace Calvin Crofford was my grandfather. The Croffords ended up in Norfolk, Virginia where my mother grew up. My family and my mother's brother's family still live in the area.

Here is her profile on my family tree in Ancestry:
Anna Dillingham (Lyons)
Your 2nd great grandmother
Birth 29 Sept 1815 in Ohio, USA
Death 13 Apr 1900 in Fall River County, South Dakota, USA

I have traced the Dillingham line back to the 1400's with some degree of confidence. I would be interested in confirming some of my information.

I look forward to hearing from you!

In my ancestry documents is a transcript of the Dillingham family Bible which details births, deaths, and marriages of the Dillinghams.

Sunday, May 11, 2014

Ada C. Crofford

My great grandmother, Ada Clemina Hall, was born on July 18, 1856 in Chittenango, New York.

Ada C. Hall > Horace C. Crofford > Virginia M. Crofford > Teresa Zaun Austin

Ada's family (parents, Andrew and Olivia, Ada, and her siblings, Nina and Albert) traveled west and settled in the Dakota Territory sometime before 1876.  Their home was near Bear Butte Creek at the northern edge of the Black Hills (near what is now Sturgis).  Her father was a farmer and her mother kept house, perhaps with her daughter Nina's help.  A young man, Jesse, boarded with them and shared the work of farming.  Albert most certainly worked on the farm as well.  Ada became a teacher.

Ada taught school at Fort Lincoln in North Dakota, and was friends with General Custer's wife, Elizabeth, who was about ten years older than Ada.  Family legend has it that Ada was teaching school at Fort Lincoln on the day that Custer and his men left to fight the Battle of Little Big Horn in May 1876.  Ada later wrote a paper defending General Custer which is now housed in a museum in Newcastle, Wyoming.



"Mrs. Crofford was a school teacher at Ft. Abraham Lincoln and was a friend of General Custer's wife Elizabeth. She came to the Black Hills to teach in 1876." From the obituary of her daughter, Miriam Darrow printed in "Bits and Pieces" Newcastle, Weston, Wyoming, Vol. 4 No. 1, 1968

Ada married Horace C. Crofford in 1891 at age 34. They had three children born in South Dakota - Horace, age 5, Oliver, age 4, and "Abraham" (Abram), age 2.  The census indicates that she had another child that did not survive.  By 1900, they had moved across the line into Wyoming, just south of Newcastle. Daughter Miriam was born in 1902.

Ada holding Miriam, born in 1902.
In 1907, Ada's father Andrew Hall signed over to her the title to farmland in Weston County, in the Newcastle area.  Horace raised stock, and the three boys worked as laborers on the home farm.

Ada was an consummate inventor.  In 1905, she patented a design for an insect trap.  This design has been referenced by other inventors until as recently as 2012.  In 1906, she patented a signal attachment for a life preserver that would make a person in distress visible from a distance.  In 1918, she patented a method for sealing jars of preserves.   In 1923, she patented a mechanism to automatically release the thread tension in a sewing machine.

She was also a writer and historian.  Her story "Pioneer days in North Dakota" was published in the 1923 North Dakota Historical Quarterly.  I wonder if she was inspired by her friendship with "Libbie" Custer who supplemented her widow's pension by writing books about life on the plains.  http://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/elizabeth-bacon-custer/12030

Sunday, March 9, 2014

The Shakespeare of the Netherlands

Joost Van Den Vondel, my maternal 7th great grandfather, was a 16th century poet and playwright who produced some of the greatest works of Dutch literature.  His allegorical plays drew from Christian themes and reflected his religious and political views.  He "holds the record for the longest tradition of annual performance in Europe." (Brill)  John Milton drew inspiration from Vondel's tragedy of Lucifer, introduced in 1654.  You can read the play HERE.   

Joost Van Den Vondel > Joost Van Den Vondel > Johannes Van Den Vondel (Wandell) > Jacob Wandell > Capt. Jacob Wandell > Miriam Olivia Wandell > Ada C. Hall > Horace C. Crofford > Virginia M. Crofford > Teresa Zaun Austin

NOTE: this link has not been verified. Working on it!


From the New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia:  

"He is the greatest poet the Netherlands have produced, one who is distinguished in every form and who occupies a place among the best poets of all time."


As a legacy, Amsterdam's biggest park, the Vondelpark, bears his name, as well as his statue in the northern part of the park. The Dutch five guilder banknote bore Vondel's portrait from 1950 until its discontinuation in 1990.

This connection needs more research.  Ada Hall Crofford shared this family lore in her writings, but the dates don't make sense. 

Saturday, March 8, 2014

Ranchers feud

The story is that my maternal great grandfather Horace Crofford spent a year in jail for murder.  There was a feud over grazing land between the sheep rancher (my great grandfather) and a cattle rancher.  Eventually, it was declared that my great grandfather acted in self defense and he was cleared.

Horace C. Crofford, 1891
I found several newspaper accounts of the incident:
HOT SPRINGS, July 27.—Saturday evening about 7 o'clock a tragedy occurred on Lame Johnny creek, six miles north of Buffalo Gap, in which John Taylor, a young ranchman was shot and instantly killed by Horace Crofford, ex-commissioner of Custer county, and an extensive sheep owner. The trouble arose between the parties over the possession of the range for Crofford's sheep. Crofford immediately gave himself up to the authorities at Buffalo Gap. He will waive examination and be bound over to the circuit court. Public sympathy seems to be with Crofford, who, it is claimed, did the killing In self defense. Crofford is in charge of the sheriff at Custer. Estherville Daily News, 1895
1.  The small town of Buffalo Gap.  2. the fertile land about six miles north of Buffalo Gap on Lame Johnny Creek.  I studied the maps of the area and best I can figure, this is the approximate site of the killing.  Area is at the southern end of the Black Hills National Forest, near Custer State Park.

I have not found documentation of the resolution of the case.