DNA results

Mom's DNA test results came in yesterday.  It was like Christmas!  I can't wait to dive into her DNA matches and Shared Ancestors.

At first look, there is perplexing information in her test results.  Her ethnicity estimate was much different from mine. Hers came in at 14% Italian or Greek... I had none of that ethnicity in my own results.  I had Iberian Peninsula (Spain) in my results, but she showed none at all.  She has ancestors in Eastern Europe; I have ancestors in Western Europe.  I have no Scandinavian ancestry in my DNA. Why is our ethnicity so different?  Our DNA results prove that we have a parent/child relationship.

I spent some time last night looking through her DNA matches to see what common ancestors popped up.  While examining the first 3 pages of 7 pages of matches, I found many Allen ancestors from Virginia, but there were also many Allen ancestors from New England (NY, CT, MA).  There were many Hickox matches (no surprise there). I will have to revise my findings after I review all 7 pages of DNA matches.

I may have to open my mind to going in a different direction with my research.  I thought I had it all neatly wrapped up with proper documentation, but I realize there may be some false assumptions.  Stay tuned.

Allens of Virginia

Still obsessed with the Allen family and trying to confirm some tentative conclusions about my grandmother's ancestry.  I am writing this without my notes in front of me but can share the gist of the story.

It seems that there are two distinct lines of Allens that settled in early Virginia, maybe three. There are the Allens that came over from England in the 1600's and settled in New Kent County.  There are Allens that settled in York County in the 1600's. Then there are the Allens that came over from Scotland and moved into western Virginia from the north.

These families converged in Southwest Virginia by the 1800's. Descendants migrated to Kentucky and West Virginia. These families used many of the same first names (i.e. Sarah, Rebecca, Robert, John), and they intermarried with some of the same families (i.e. Scott, Crawford, Watson).

No wonder I am having trouble figuring out who is whom!

UPDATE:  I contacted someone through the Lunenburg Historical Society Facebook page. They referred me to two genealogists who have done a lot of research about the Allens. We have been corresponding for a couple of days now, and I am excited to have such enthusiastic help with my research!  It turns out that I really need to get a yDNA test done on a male member of the Allen line to prove my connection to the New Kent Allens.  We have no direct Allen descendants - I'd have to find a proven descendant of one of Augustus Allen's siblings.

More DNA testing

Through a video course on ancestry, I learned that one should get a DNA test on the oldest member of the family line.  Makes sense - the closer you are to an ancestor, the more concentration of their DNA you have.

So I ordered another test, and got mom to spit in the test tube (took her 20 minutes to work up 1/4 tsp of spit!).  The test has been sent off, and I am waiting for the results with great anticipation. I hope this will help solve some of the mysteries of her family's past.

Allen Migration Westward and Back Again

Sometimes, in order to understand how and why things happened the way they did, you have to study a map.  You also need to have handy a timeline of evolutionary changes of the United States. The United States changed boundaries so many times, it gets confusing to identify locations.  For instance, Connecticut at one time encompassed what is now the state of Ohio. Lunenburg County once included almost all of southside Virginia but is now only a tiny portion of its original area.  By looking at a map, I wanted to make sense of the way my maternal grandmother's family moved across the United States and back.

The Allen family's movements seemed random and scattered until I mapped them. Family members could reside in three different states, yet on the map it can easily be seen that some of the locations are actually adjacent. The family's journey started in Virginia, moved westward in a logical pattern, and circled back again to Virginia.

Here is a brief summary of the Allen family migration using the places indicated on the map:

The Allens settled in New Kent County, Virginia in the 1600's. I've traced the family back to Robert Allen who was born in 1680.  His father was probably born in England. We are descended from Robert Allen's son Robert through his son William.**

William Allen (b. 1724) moved to Mecklenburg County. The Allens populated southside Virginia, spreading south and west from there.

William's grandson John Watson Allen (b. abt 1769) raised his family in Pittsylvania County, Virginia; later crossing the mountains and settling in Mason County, Kentucky.  John's brother James purchased land in Lawrenceville, Ohio across the river. *

Historical Note: the Cumberland Gap was discovered in 1750. Daniel Boone began exploring Kentucky in 1775. By 1790, the path of migration was established; the "Wilderness Road" was traveled by wagons. Kentucky was admitted to the Union in 1792 (15th State). A possible motivation for the move from Virginia to Kentucky was a widespread crop failure (tobacco?), 1800-1830. The main waterways were the Kentucky River and the Ohio River. Kenton County, KY, was located on the Ohio River across from present day Cincinnati, OH. 

John's son, Robert Scott Allen (b. 1797), lived nearby in Kenton County, Kentucky, moving westward from there to Hancock County, Illinois, where my great grandfather Augustus was born. Robert married Elizabeth Highland from Ohio, in present-day Cincinnati.

Augustus Allen (b. 1859) married Eva Bosworth from Littleton, Illinois.  They moved to Keokuk, Iowa in 1893 shortly after the birth of their daughter Ethelyn.

In 1900, he moved his family to Wichita, Kansas, perhaps because of the real estate boom.

Around 1905, Augustus abandoned his wife Eva, and she was sent to an insane asylum in Woodward Oklahoma. His 10 or 11 year old daughter Ethelyn was sent to a boarding school in Paris, Texas. It seems that Augustus remarried and eventually moved to Dallas, TX, finally disappearing about 1917.

Sometime between 1910 and 1916, my grandmother changed her name from Ethelyn to Teresa Marie Allen. After graduating from nursing school in 1919, she worked for a time in Oklahoma City.

Teresa Allen moved to Chicago, Illinois, where she met and married my grandfather, Horace Calvin Crofford in 1926. They lived in Waukegan near his family, and raised two children.

In search of employment, the family moved to Norfolk, Virginia in 1942, where their daughter Virginia met my father, John Beverly Zaun.

Norfolk is about an hour and a half drive from New Kent County where my grandmother's history began.

Full circle.

*Some of the Allen family settled in Montgomery County in NW Tennessee just outside of Nashville (not marked on the map).  John Watson Allen's mother, Sarah Neblett Allen, remarried and lived there with several Allens and members of the Neblett family.

**Postscript, May 2016:  Since this writing, I have found out that our link to the New Kent Allens is unverified. An Allen family genealogist looked at my DNA results and said that my DNA matches contain errors in their family trees. She found that my DNA results show links to Allen families originating in New England (which is true - the Wandell family married into the Allen family in New England).  She recommended that I begin my search by building a private Allen family tree for the Kentucky Allens, which is the last proven residence of my 2X great grandfather, Robert S. Allen. A History of Hancock County, in a biography of my grandmother's 1st cousin, Rose Spitler Scofield, says that family lore tells of John Watson Allen's childhood relationship with his cousin, Ethan Allen. The family lore could have mistakenly the "Revolutionary War Hero" with Jack Jouette, who was indeed connected to the Allens of Virginia. 

Verifying Facts and Saving Documents

It came to my attention recently that all the research that I have done on Ancestry would disappear forever if (heaven forbid!) the website ever went down. On Ancestry, when I "save" a document to my family tree, it is merely linking the document to a person on my tree.  It does not save anything to my computer. I broke down and purchased Family Tree Maker, which syncs to Ancestry and supposedly saves everything to my computer, but I don't trust it completely.  I decided to systematically save every piece of evidence one by one from Ancestry to my personal computer. After two years or more of research, this is a massive undertaking!  The result, however is totally worth it.  I now have a folder of primary documents that are labelled in detail and easily organized. 

I started with my own profile and downloaded every supporting document. Each document is labelled:  YEAR_LastName_DocumentName_PlaceName.  For example, one might be called: 1859_Allen_USCensus_HancockIL.  At the same time, I create a fresh research log on paper for each person, giving the date, event, document, and conclusions. I am currently on my 3X great grandparents. 

This process is much more organized, and makes it easier to spot discrepancies and inconsistencies in my research.  I am not making any forward progress on building our family tree, but I am certainly shoring up the foundation.

Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, and Me

An interesting item was posted on Facebook by the Hampton History Museum this month. I made an immediate connection between Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia and our own family history, but I had no idea that this Elizabeth was the one for whom the places in Tidewater are named! Elizabeth River, Elizabeth City County... I always assumed they were named for Queen Elizabeth I of England, as the state of Virginia was.

Posted on Facebook February 13, 2016

My ancestors were in the Bohemian Queen's inner circle! Here is an excerpt from a previous blog entry (4/12/15) that I wrote about Nicholas Stillwell, my 9th great grandfather and Abigail Hopton, my 9th great grandmother:

Nicholas Stillwell was born in Surrey, England in 1603. He fled England to escape religious persecution, becoming a soldier of Elizabeth Stuart the Queen of Bohemia who was protestant. Elizabeth is called "the Winter Queen" because of her short tenure in the winter of 1619-1620. According to tradition, he married one of her maids of honor, Abigail Hopton, in about 1630. After the defeat of Prague, Elizabeth went into exile at The Hague, and her army disbanded. Nicholas came to America and settled in Virginia.

My ancestor, Nicholas Stillwell came to Virginia around 1630 and owned a tobacco plantation on the York River (where the Colonial Parkway is today) and was a well-known leader in the colonists' fight against the Indians. Could he have been instrumental in giving the Elizabeth River its name? Elizabeth City County? It is entirely possible!

This is the story I found: 

The Elizabeth River in colonial Southeastern Virginia was named in honour of the princess, as was Cape Elizabeth a peninsula, and today, a town in the United States in the state of Maine. John Smith explored and mapped New England and gave names to places mainly based on the names used by Native Americans. When Smith presented his map to Charles I, he suggested that the king should feel free to change the "barbarous names" for "English" ones. The king made many such changes, but only four survive today, one of which is Cape Elizabeth.[47] 

 Stewart, George R. (1967) [1945], Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States (Sentry edition (3rd) ed.), Houghton Mifflin, p. 38

I find it fascinating that my family history is so deeply embedded in the history of Tidewater Virginia, especially on my maternal side.  As far as I ever knew, my mother's family came from "out west," and my father's family from Richmond and New Jersey. How they ended up here, where it all began, it such an amazing saga!

Lt. Nicholas Stillwell > Capt. Nicholas Stillwell > Nicholas Stillwell III > John Stillwell > William L. Stillwell > Catherine Stillwell > Capt. Jacob Wandell > Miriam Olivia Wandell > Ada Clemina Hall > Horace C. Crofford > Virginia M. Crofford > Teresa Zaun Austin

Inn at Warner Hall, Gloucester, Virginia

We are descendants of the Lewis's and Warners who owned Warner Hall until the 1830's.  Our first ancestor on this soil was Augustine Warner I, who came to Jamestown in 1642. (Augustine was also George Washington's great-grandfather - there is also a connection to Thomas Jefferson's family). Augustine built the original house at Warner Hall.

I have written about this in a previous blog entry, but I thought it would be good to include a link to the history of Warner Hall.

Here is an excerpt:

Elizabeth, the third daughter of Augustine Warner II, became the wife of John Lewis and inherited Warner Hall. Their son, John Lewis II (1702-1754) was a member of His Majesty’s Council, and was prominent in Gloucester County. The Lewis Family occupied Warner Hall for generations and members of the family immigrated to all parts of the United States. Lewis family descendants built a number of important Virginia homes including Belle Farm, Eagle Point, Abingdon and Severn Hall. Colonel Fielding Lewis of Belle Farm, was the grandson of Elizabeth and John Lewis. Col. Lewis was married twice, first to Catherine Washington, and after her death, to Elizabeth (Betty) Washington, sister of George. One of Fredericksburg’s most beautiful and historic homes, Kenmore, was built by Fielding Lewis for his wife Betty.   

http://www.warnerhall.com/words-from-our-innkeepers/warner-hall-a-brief-history/